Revelation
Escape the Coming Wrath!
Lesson 23 Chapter 14:14-20 The Coming Judgment of the World!
1. Read verses 14-20.
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- Jesus’ first coming was one of humiliation, a time when He “although He existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. Being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross” (Phil 2:6-8).
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- Jesus came the first time as a servant; He will return as the sovereign King. In His first coming, He came in humility; in His second coming, He will come in majesty and splendor. The first time He came to earth, “the son of Man [came] to seek and to save that which was lost” (Luke 19:10); when He returns, it will be to “judge the living and the dead” (II Tim. 4:1). Jesus came the first time as the sower; He will come again as the reaper.1
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- Read Genesis 15:16. The sin of the Amorites included child sacrifice, idolatry, religious prostitution and divination. God was patient with the Canaanites (Amorites) even in judgment. What do you think it means for sin to “reach its full measure?”
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- Read James 1:13-15.
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- Does God tempt us?
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- What do we have within us that causes us to give in to temptation (Jeremiah 17:9)?
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- What is the end result of “full grown” sin?
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- Read Genesis 1:15-17; 3:1-19; and, Genesis 5.
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- Describe the three stages of man’s rebellion—desire, sin, death—as pictured in Eve’s sin.
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- What was the end result of Adam and Eve disobeying God (Gen. 5)?
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- Read Genesis 6:5-7. From these two verses we see the extent of God’s grief over mankind’s sin.
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- From this chapter, what was the result of man’s rebellion against God?
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- Read Genesis 9:8-17. What sign has God given to the world to remind us of both His mercy and His judgment?
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- Read Romans 1:18-32. Here God gives us a picture of the downward spiral of sin. In your own words, describe this downward spiral from knowing of God’s existence (verses 19-21) to total depravity (verses28-32).
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- Read Romans 2:1. Are any of us in a position to judge others? Why or why not?
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- Read Romans 3:10-18. Describe the totality of man’s sin.
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- Read Romans 3:23. Who is guilty?
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- Read Romans 6:23. What do we all deserve?
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- Read Joel 3:12-13 along with Matthew 13:39-42. What is being described in these verses?
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- Back to Revelation 14. Who does John see “seated on the cloud [who] was one ‘like a son of man’” (Daniel 7:13)?
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- The familiar phrase I looked, and behold often introduces a new and important subject in Revelation (cf. 4:1; 6:2, 5, 8; 7:9; 14:1). What caught John’s attention was a white cloud, an image drawn from Daniel 7:13–14:
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- “I kept looking in the night visions,
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- And behold, with the clouds of heaven
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- One like a Son of Man was coming,
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- And He came up to the Ancient of Days
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- And was presented before Him.
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- And to Him was given dominion,
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- Glory and a kingdom,
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- That all the peoples, nations and men of every language
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- Might serve Him.
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- His dominion is an everlasting dominion
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- Which will not pass away;
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- And His kingdom is one
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- Which will not be destroyed.”
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- John saw sitting on the cloud one like a son of man—the Lord Jesus Christ, coming to establish His kingdom in fulfillment of Daniel’s prophecy. The brilliant, white cloud symbolizes His glory and majesty (cf. 1:7; Matt. 17:5; 24:30; 26:64; Acts 1:9). He is ready to take the dominion of which Daniel prophesied; the reaper is sitting as He waits for the proper time to stand and begin the reaping. That reaping (the seven bowl judgments) will be followed by Christ’s return to establish His kingdom.
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- The description of Christ as one like a son of man also derives from Daniel’s prophecy (Dan. 7:13). It was the Lord’s favorite title for Himself during His incarnation (e.g., Matt. 8:20; 9:6; 24:27, 30; Mark 2:10, 28; 8:31; 9:9; Luke 6:22; 7:34; 9:22; 12:8; John 5:27; 6:27, 62; 8:28), when He “emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and [was] made in the likeness of men … [and was] found in appearance as a man” (Phil. 2:7–8). Why the text does not use the definite article and read the son of man is not clear. Yet the phrase also appears without a definite article in its only other appearance in Revelation (1:13). Perhaps the article was omitted to strengthen the allusion to Daniel 7:13. In any case, there is no doubt that the one like a son of man is the Lord Jesus Christ. This is the last time Scripture refers to Him by that title, and it presents a marked contrast with the first time the New Testament calls Him the son of man. Then He had nothing, not even a place to lay His head (Matt. 8:20); now He is about to take possession of the entire earth.
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- The reaper is further described as having a golden crown on His head. This crown is not the diadēma worn by a king (cf. 19:12), but the stephanos worn by victors in war or athletic events; it is the crown of triumph (cf. 2:10; 1 Cor. 9:25; 1 Thess. 2:19; 2 Tim. 4:8; James 1:12; 1 Pet. 5:4). It pictures the Son of Man not in His identity as the sovereign ruler, but as the triumphant conqueror victorious over all His enemies (cf. Matt. 24:30).
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- The reaper also had a sharp sickle in His hand. A sickle was a long, curved, razor-sharp iron blade attached to a long, broomsticklike wooden handle. Sickles were used to harvest grain; as they were held with both hands spread apart and swept back and forth, their sharp blades would cut off the grain stalks at ground level. The picture is of the Lord Jesus Christ mowing down His enemies like a harvester cutting grain.2
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- Why is He carrying a sickle?
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- A sickle was a long, curved, razor-sharp iron blade attached to a long, broomsticklike wooden handle. Sickles were used to harvest grain; as they were held with both hands spread apart and swept back and forth, their sharp blades would cut off the grain stalks at ground level.3
(m) Read Acts 17:29-31.
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- What does God command everyone to do?
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- What does it mean to repent?
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- Who will judge the world one day?
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- There are two harvests suggested in verses 14-20. The first is the “grain harvest.” The second is the “grape harvest.” In verse 15, MacArthur notes, “the verb translated is ripe actually means ‘dried up,’ ‘withered,’ ‘overripe,’ or ‘rotten.’ The grain (the earth) pictured here has passed the point of any usefulness and is fit only to be ‘gathered up and burned with fire’” (Matt. 13:40). Thus, when Jesus swings the sickle over the earth do you think this is the ingathering of His children or does it refer to coming judgment? Explain your reasoning.
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- “The harvest is ripe!” (vv. 14–20) The Person pictured here on the white cloud is undoubtedly our Lord Jesus Christ (see Dan. 7:13–14; Rev. 1:13). We have had the image of the cup, and now we have the image of the harvest, both of the grain (Rev. 14:14–16) and of the grape (Rev. 14:17–20). Again, this anticipates the final judgment of the world.
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- While winning lost souls to Christ is sometimes pictured as a harvest (John 4:34–38), this image is also used of God’s judgment (Matt. 13:24–30, 36–43; Luke 3:8–17). God permits the seeds of iniquity to grow until they are ripe, and then He judges (Gen. 15:16).
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- The grape harvest is often a picture of judgment (see Joel 3:13ff, which anticipates the Day of the Lord). In actuality, Scripture portrays three different “vines.” Israel was God’s vine, planted in the land to bear fruit for God’s glory; but the nation failed God and had to be cut down (Ps. 80:8–16; Isa. 5:1–7; see also Matt. 21:33–46). Today, Christ is the Vine and believers are branches in Him (John 15). But the world system is also a vine, “the vine of the earth” in contrast to Christ, the heavenly Vine; and it is ripening for judgment. The wicked system—Babylon—that intoxicates people and controls them, will one day be cut down and destroyed in “the winepress of the wrath of God.”
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- Some see in this image an anticipation of the “battle of Armageddon,” when the armies of the world will gather against Jerusalem (Zech. 14:1–4; Rev. 16:16). Certainly, John is using hyperbole when he describes a river of blood four feet deep and 200 miles long (see also Isa. 63:1–6). Today, God is speaking to the world in grace, and men will not listen. One day hence, He must speak in wrath. The bitter cup will be drunk, the harvest of sin reaped, and the vine of the earth cut down and cast into the winepress.4
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- The angel in verse 18 comes from the altar. Who is under the altar and for what have they been calling out (Rev. 6:9-11)?
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- Clearly the grape harvest mentioned in verses 17-20 refers to coming judgment. To what event might this refer (Joel 3:1-2, 11-13; Revelation 16:16; 19:11-21)?
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- Here is one of the most tragic and sobering statements in all of Scripture. Simply, and without fanfare, it records the executing of divine judgment. The frightening details of that judgment are unfolded in chapter 16: loathsome and malignant sores on the worshipers of Antichrist (v. 2), the death of all life in the world’s oceans (v. 3), the turning of the world’s rivers and springs of water into blood (v. 4), the intensifying of the sun’s heat until it scorches people (v. 8), painful darkness over all of Antichrist’s kingdom (v. 10), the drying up of the Euphrates River in preparation for a massive invasion by the kings of the east (v. 12), and the most powerful and destructive earthquake in history (v. 18). Those seven rapid-fire bowl judgments mark the first phase of the final reaping of the earth…
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- As John watched, another angel appeared, the sixth one in the vision. He is given the interesting designation of the one who has power over fire. That title is closely connected with the fact that he came out from the altar. This heavenly altar has already been mentioned in 6:9–11:
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- When the Lamb broke the fifth seal, I saw underneath the altar the souls of those who had been slain because of the word of God, and because of the testimony which they had maintained; and they cried out with a loud voice, saying, “How long, O Lord, holy and true, will You refrain from judging and avenging our blood on those who dwell on the earth?” And there was given to each of them a white robe; and they were told that they should rest for a little while longer, until the number of their fellow servants and their brethren who were to be killed even as they had been, would be completed also.
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- It most likely is emblematic of the Old Testament brass incense altar (Ex. 40:5), where twice daily priests burned incense to be offered in the Holy Place as a picture of the people’s prayers, since the martyrs underneath it are viewed praying and prayer is associated with incense (5:8; Ps. 141:2; Luke 1:10). Those martyred saints are praying for God to take vengeance on their tormenters and send His wrath.
- This altar is also described in 8:3–5:
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- Another angel came and stood at the altar, holding a golden censer; and much incense was given to him, so that he might add it to the prayers of all the saints on the golden altar which was before the throne. And the smoke of the incense, with the prayers of the saints, went up before God out of the angel’s hand. Then the angel took the censer and filled it with the fire of the altar, and threw it to the earth; and there followed peals of thunder and sounds and flashes of lightning and an earthquake.
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- Every morning and evening the Old Testament priests would take hot coals from the brazen altar (upon which sacrifices were offered) and bring them to the incense altar. There they would ignite the incense (Ex. 30:7–8; 2 Chron. 29:11), which would rise toward heaven, symbolizing the prayers of God’s people (5:8). At that same time, the people outside would be praying (Luke 1:10).
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- That the angel had power over the altar’s fire (the definite article is present in the Greek text, which literally reads “the fire”) indicates that he had been ministering at the heavenly counterpart to the earthly incense altar. Unlike the angel in verse 17, this angel does not come from the throne of God, but from the altar associated with the prayers of the saints. His appearance means that the time had come for those prayers to be answered. The time had come for God to take fire associated with intercession and use it for the destruction of His enemies and the enemies of His people.
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- Leaving the altar, he called with a loud, urgent, commanding voice to him who had the sharp sickle, saying, “Put in your sharp sickle and gather the clusters from the vine of the earth, because her grapes are ripe.” In answer to the saints’ prayers, the time for the reaping of judgment comes. Unrepentant sinners are depicted as clusters of grapes, to be cut off by the reaper’s sharp sickle from the vine of the earth; that is, from earthly existence. The word ripe is not the same Greek word used in verse 15. This word refers to something fully ripe and in its prime. It pictures earth’s wicked, unregenerate people as bursting with the juice of wickedness and ready for the harvest of righteousness…
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- All the enemies of God who survive the seven bowl judgments will be gathered like grape clusters from the vine of the earth and flung into the great wine press of the wrath of God. A wine press consisted of two stone basins connected by a trough. Grapes would be trampled in the upper basin, and the juice would collect in the lower one. The splattering of the juice as the grapes are stomped vividly pictures the splattered blood of those who will be destroyed (cf. Isa. 63:3; Lam. 1:15; Joel 3:13).
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- The wine press will be trodden outside the city, as the Lord protects Jerusalem from the carnage of the Battle of Armageddon (cf. 11:2; Dan. 11:45; Zech. 14:1-4). That battle will take place in the north of Israel on the Plain of Esdraelon near Mount Megiddo (about sixty miles north of Jerusalem). It will rage the entire length of Israel as far south as Bozrah in Edom (cf. Isa. 63:1). Jerusalem will be spared to become the capital of Christ’s kingdom.5
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- (f) What is the condition of the grapes? What does their condition imply (Gen. 15:16)?
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- (g) The angle swung his sickle and gathered in the grapes and they were thrown into the great winepress of God’s wrath. Read Revelation 19:15-16.
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- 1. What does the winepress symbolize?
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- 2. Who will be treading it?
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- 3. How does this influence your concept of the love of God? Explain how judgment and wrath are actually an aspect of the love of God.
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- Read I Thessalonians 1:10. How can you avoid the coming judgment?
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- Unregenerate humanity faces a frightening future, as this incredible scene indicates. Those who refuse to repent, even after repeated warnings, will learn firsthand the sobering truth that “it is a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God” (Heb. 10:31). They would do well to heed the psalmist’s admonition:
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- Do homage to the Son, that He not become angry,
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- and you perish in the way,
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- For His wrath may soon be kindled.
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- How blessed are all who take refuge in Him!
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